1 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:06,799 VIOLENCE AND LIBERATION 2 00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:23,599 TO THE NEW MAN WHO WILL BE BORN DURING THIS WAR OF LIBERATION 3 00:00:37,080 --> 00:00:39,150 ''A man resurrects from death and begins to love life to the point 4 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:42,716 of risking that life to be able to live it.'' Che 5 00:00:59,240 --> 00:01:00,992 ''The scars of violence 6 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:03,714 won't be erased by goodwill. 7 00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:05,876 Only violence can destroy them.'' J.P. Sartre 8 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:31,957 MOTHER: ''I dreamt of a son... 9 00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:35,516 ...who closed his mother's eyes.'' 10 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:37,676 REBEL: ''I've decided to open my son's eyes... 11 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:41,953 ...under another sun.'' Aim� C�saire 12 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:11,078 A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE 13 00:02:16,888 --> 00:02:20,300 You'll have to excuse my words, my expressions, 14 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:25,300 because I never went to university 15 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:33,477 But I have to tell you something very important, 16 00:02:34,100 --> 00:02:36,500 about how I suffered 17 00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:39,556 THE EXECUTIONS AT THE PATAGONIA 18 00:02:40,500 --> 00:02:41,800 I witnessed the first uprising in the Patagonia 19 00:02:44,900 --> 00:02:46,400 We asked for an increase of our wages. 20 00:02:49,837 --> 00:02:52,300 Back then, the English, who were in charge in the south, 21 00:02:55,500 --> 00:02:57,000 asked for back-up to crush the riots. 22 00:02:59,520 --> 00:03:01,000 They let them believe we were 23 00:03:01,400 --> 00:03:02,800 Chilean and Argentine bandits 24 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:05,592 who were destroying the properties. 25 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:10,032 They sent colonel Varela to the staff of the army. 26 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:12,071 We had to give in our arms. 27 00:03:12,880 --> 00:03:16,395 They let us dig trenches, 28 00:03:16,640 --> 00:03:19,473 and when they arrived at the height of our necks, 29 00:03:20,040 --> 00:03:24,352 they started to shoot, killing thousands of peasants, 30 00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:29,111 workers, fathers, real Argentines. 31 00:03:29,640 --> 00:03:32,279 That's what happened in Patagonia. 32 00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:33,629 THE MASSACRES OF THE PEASANTS 33 00:03:33,840 --> 00:03:37,276 The uprising of the Chaco took place in 1920. 34 00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:41,270 Terrible, dramatic... I saw 35 00:03:42,560 --> 00:03:45,757 mothers with their children in their arms, 36 00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:48,235 pursued by bullets of the police. 37 00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:51,079 Villa Guillermina, Villa Angela revolted. 38 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:56,115 I have no words to describe what they have done then! 39 00:03:56,320 --> 00:03:59,153 THE REPRESSIONS OF THE WORKERS 40 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:01,999 "The Tragic Week" was a really heroic moment. 41 00:04:05,600 --> 00:04:07,200 There were men, workers 42 00:04:07,700 --> 00:04:09,800 behind the barricades, 43 00:04:11,700 --> 00:04:13,700 and also women and youth, fighting the police. 44 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:19,153 They overtook an army regiment... 45 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:22,830 ...and the police... and even the firemen, 46 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:27,397 who had never touched a rifle. 47 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:29,556 THE STORY OF THE BATTLE OF THE MILITANTS 48 00:04:33,960 --> 00:04:38,829 So, compa�eros... All I have told you, 49 00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:44,309 is only a summary of my battle 50 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:46,670 as a militant worker at the source of a syndicate. 51 00:04:46,880 --> 00:04:52,273 Now I will learn from you. 52 00:04:52,480 --> 00:04:54,710 And I would like you to continue with enthusiasm. 53 00:04:54,920 --> 00:05:01,553 Because the fall of capitalism is only a matter of a few years. 54 00:05:04,760 --> 00:05:08,116 LETTERS OF THE COMBATANTS 55 00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:11,830 During the shooting of this film, we asked, 56 00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:17,672 several comrades their opinion on violence and liberation. 57 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:21,195 And here is the first one: 58 00:05:21,800 --> 00:05:24,189 THE TRAP OF LEGITIMACY 59 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:36,638 You've asked me what's missing in order for us to regain power. 60 00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:43,915 I don't know. But I know what we have: naivety. 61 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:51,033 I remember that day, at the beginning of 1956, 62 00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:54,871 when we went looking for Suarez, in his coastal resort... 63 00:05:55,720 --> 00:06:01,397 trying to revive a place that was definitely dead. 64 00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:09,354 I remember Suarez, and how he tried to hide his impotence and fear. 65 00:06:10,760 --> 00:06:17,472 We blamed Suarez, but it wasn't entirely his fault. 66 00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:25,115 During 10 years, he had behind him the support of our government. 67 00:06:25,840 --> 00:06:28,991 And suddenly he found himself left with nothing at all. 68 00:06:30,400 --> 00:06:32,914 He had been trained to compromise, 69 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:35,031 and not for the battle. 70 00:06:35,800 --> 00:06:39,395 How could we ask more of him than what he could do? 71 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:44,071 How many battles have we fought in the past? 72 00:06:44,840 --> 00:06:51,439 The story you told in the film just gives an approximate idea. 73 00:06:52,960 --> 00:06:58,876 We believed that, after every big mobilization, Per�n would return 74 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:02,029 and we would regain power. 75 00:07:03,080 --> 00:07:06,152 Today, thinking of that answer, 76 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:11,591 The image of Suarez was projected on many of us. 77 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:17,069 I had a new feeling of naivety 78 00:07:17,280 --> 00:07:20,317 which confirmed that the people's will 79 00:07:20,520 --> 00:07:23,114 would be enough to impose a new October 17th. 80 00:07:23,880 --> 00:07:25,199 The same naivety 81 00:07:25,400 --> 00:07:27,400 that moved many of us to believe and 82 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:32,000 to have confidence in the legal way. 83 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:41,996 Accept the legal way? Did this mean to accept legalized violence? 84 00:07:43,240 --> 00:07:46,710 Isn't this social peace, 85 00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:48,876 one behind bars, 86 00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:52,629 slavery, and a national humiliation? 87 00:07:54,880 --> 00:07:56,996 Suarez had understood 88 00:07:57,200 --> 00:08:01,478 that his legitimacy, and that of the people, had been defeated... 89 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:03,831 and he quit the battle. 90 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:09,638 We continued to see legality as an abstraction and a myth. 91 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:14,638 We have been the best civil workers... 92 00:08:15,080 --> 00:08:17,992 ...and we have educated the comrades in that spirit. 93 00:08:18,680 --> 00:08:23,959 At every defeat, we answered with a battle that wasn't 94 00:08:24,160 --> 00:08:27,470 really revolutionary policy. 95 00:08:27,680 --> 00:08:30,240 but resulted in temporary measurements. 96 00:08:38,120 --> 00:08:42,272 The Suarezes of yesterday, hiding their impotence and their fear, 97 00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:45,194 are today, returning in even larger numbers. 98 00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:52,276 Like 10 years ago, you can feel the need for a change. 99 00:08:53,680 --> 00:08:57,639 How to begin a dialogue with the enemy, 100 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:01,276 knowing that his objective is our destruction? 101 00:09:02,480 --> 00:09:05,233 What do his reasons, his ways matter to us, 102 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:07,908 if only to know him better 103 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:12,159 and to destroy his intentions 104 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:14,191 by destroying him? 105 00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:19,630 Are we ready, the people, the workers, the Peronists, 106 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:25,312 to accept a law that brings us directly to slavery? 107 00:09:26,400 --> 00:09:32,270 I think that we, the descendants of the ones... 108 00:09:32,680 --> 00:09:35,638 who lived and fought with San Martin, Quiroga, Penalozza and Varela, 109 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:38,236 won't ban them from our memories, 110 00:09:38,720 --> 00:09:43,077 we won't refuse the mandate of so many sacrifices. 111 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:47,231 your comrade J.M. 112 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:53,718 IMPUNITY 113 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:20,953 When the people are excluded of political power, 114 00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:26,675 the crimes of neocolonialism only help total impunity, 115 00:10:27,480 --> 00:10:30,119 they are the law. 116 00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:36,918 The system becomes the only and absolute beholder of violence. 117 00:10:42,680 --> 00:10:47,117 Violence invades the streets, enters the homes, 118 00:10:48,160 --> 00:10:50,071 and the people's minds. 119 00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:56,310 And if man resists, he will be hit or killed. 120 00:10:57,240 --> 00:11:00,152 If he gives in, he isn't a man anymore. 121 00:11:02,960 --> 00:11:06,157 The System's violence is used for 122 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:11,718 silencing and terrorizing. 123 00:11:12,320 --> 00:11:16,757 It tries to reduce man into a passive thing, 124 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:20,313 who doesn't make history. 125 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:24,633 It tries to make him an object who suffers from history 126 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:31,479 The violence of the System isn't really the repression itself, 127 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:34,196 but the fear of it. 128 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:39,596 The fear of every man of being pursued, marginalized, 129 00:11:41,160 --> 00:11:43,469 the fear of committing those acts 130 00:11:44,200 --> 00:11:50,435 that will permit him to regain his humanity. 131 00:11:53,320 --> 00:11:55,880 ''There will be reactionary violence 132 00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:58,992 until it can be defeated by revolutionary violence. 133 00:11:59,200 --> 00:12:03,239 Or dictatorship of the privileged or national liberation'' J.W. Cooke 134 00:12:03,440 --> 00:12:06,477 THE EXECUTIONS OF JUNE 16TH 1956 135 00:12:07,400 --> 00:12:10,836 A military faction, of nationalist-catholic tendencies, 136 00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:13,600 revolts against the "gorilla revolution". 137 00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:20,549 Services of repression, alarmed by the , commotion, wait for the rioters and smother them. 138 00:12:21,680 --> 00:12:26,117 That night, in the waste site of Leon Suarez, 139 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:30,592 they shoot several prisoners, guilty or not. 140 00:12:31,680 --> 00:12:34,956 The comrade Troxler is one of them. 141 00:12:35,640 --> 00:12:38,791 I am Julio Troxler, 142 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:42,436 one of those who were driven here, at dawn, June 10, 143 00:12:42,640 --> 00:12:44,756 to be shot. 144 00:12:46,840 --> 00:12:48,751 I was lucky, 145 00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:54,150 thanks to a truck accident 146 00:12:54,560 --> 00:12:59,554 and in the dark of the night, I left unharmed. 147 00:13:00,560 --> 00:13:03,154 How did you feel about that experience? 148 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:08,439 Nobody would have imagined what followed. 149 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,833 We thought they would take us to prison 150 00:13:13,280 --> 00:13:16,829 because we wanted to march at the Plaza de Mayo, 151 00:13:17,040 --> 00:13:20,794 to cheer for Per�n and the triumph of the revolution. 152 00:13:22,040 --> 00:13:26,352 We thought, at the worst, to be locked up a couple of days.. 153 00:13:26,720 --> 00:13:32,909 But when we arrived here, and they let us get out of the truck 154 00:13:33,680 --> 00:13:36,194 turning the lights to our backs, 155 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:42,237 I started to understand that things would turn out bad. 156 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:47,956 And suddenly the first shot was fired, at the same time as the accident. 157 00:13:48,680 --> 00:13:55,028 So... the desire to survive... and the total chaos... 158 00:13:56,320 --> 00:13:59,471 ...that would provoke the death of five comrades and one wounded... 159 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,752 ...and the escape of many of us, which wasn't easy. 160 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:15,274 And what did you do after the executions? 161 00:14:15,560 --> 00:14:19,519 I waited there, very near, 162 00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:25,075 until the truck and the car following it were gone. 163 00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:32,719 I went back to the place to see if there were some people alive, 164 00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:40,913 or wounded. Nothing of that, they were all dead, assassinated. 165 00:14:41,640 --> 00:14:43,596 The police had left them on the road. 166 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:47,954 Carlos Lizazo and the three others, 167 00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:51,958 ...four bodies full of bullets... 168 00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:56,273 ...on the road that led to the German Club. 169 00:14:58,960 --> 00:15:02,396 Have you been in prison after the executions? 170 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:09,070 I was a prisoner in November 1957... 171 00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:13,068 because someone gave me in. 172 00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:19,553 They brought me to the Investigation Brigade of San Martin. 173 00:15:21,080 --> 00:15:26,598 And there... I was tortured just as I was by the Lanus brigade. 174 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:35,757 Justice members participated at the tortures and orgies, 175 00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:38,355 like Judge Biglione, and militaries like Suarez, 176 00:15:38,800 --> 00:15:42,793 the Secretary General, San Emeterio 177 00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:46,515 and several police officers. 178 00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:48,870 In what way did they torture you? 179 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:52,916 After being undressed 180 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:55,395 and blindfolded, so I couldn't see the torturers, 181 00:15:56,840 --> 00:16:01,277 they attached you to the table, from your ankles and wrists 182 00:16:02,320 --> 00:16:05,835 Then the electric shocks began, 183 00:16:06,040 --> 00:16:09,077 real orgies for those men 184 00:16:11,920 --> 00:16:15,356 keeping themselves busy with your genitals. 185 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:19,754 Mine were covered with blood in the end 186 00:16:22,900 --> 00:16:25,700 my mouth was also covered with blood. 187 00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:30,752 Of course, this is not a pleasant thing to tell, 188 00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:32,678 but living through it is even worse. 189 00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:37,715 What matters to me is to be understood. I was a common citizen... 190 00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:41,160 who, only for defending an ideal and the Constitution, 191 00:16:41,360 --> 00:16:46,275 has been objected to such treatment. 192 00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:52,156 Troxler, do you have anything to add? 193 00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:59,550 Sure, despite the executions, and all the tortures, 194 00:16:59,760 --> 00:17:04,038 I have to say that we, the Peronists, 195 00:17:04,240 --> 00:17:07,789 will continue this battle until the end. 196 00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:14,150 In that way, we solidarize with our Latin American, 197 00:17:14,360 --> 00:17:18,831 Asian, and African friends. These last groups are already seeing the results 198 00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:22,191 of the process of liberation from imperialism. 199 00:17:22,520 --> 00:17:24,078 And we too, 200 00:17:24,280 --> 00:17:28,273 if we persevere, we will succeed. 201 00:17:29,700 --> 00:17:32,300 For this, we must follow the example from Asian and African countries 202 00:17:35,500 --> 00:17:37,500 and apply it, successfully. 203 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,000 Vietnam, for example, where a small group of men... 204 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,200 are fighting against the most powerful army in the world. 205 00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:49,000 we know that we'll succeed, 206 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:54,200 and we'll leave a better world for our children. 207 00:17:59,240 --> 00:18:02,676 THE DUTY OF THE INTELLECTUAL 208 00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:08,312 My friends... 209 00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:11,117 The revolution won't begin until 210 00:18:11,320 --> 00:18:18,271 we have killed the old colonized man who still slumbers in us. 211 00:18:19,320 --> 00:18:22,835 Before everything else, it begins with us. 212 00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:28,915 It won't be defined until we take risks, not by words or ideas, 213 00:18:29,520 --> 00:18:33,399 but by accomplished acts. 214 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:40,876 The worker who strikes, and risks his work and existence. 215 00:18:41,440 --> 00:18:47,834 The student who puts his career at stake. The militant they torture. 216 00:18:48,640 --> 00:18:53,395 And many examples that could keep us from something more important 217 00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:55,750 than a vague gesture of solidarity. 218 00:18:56,480 --> 00:18:59,711 Which is commonly understood by solidarity, 219 00:18:59,920 --> 00:19:04,038 is just a form of piteous charity and satisfies more 220 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:09,268 those who give than those who receive it. 221 00:19:10,680 --> 00:19:13,990 ''We shouldn't only desire 222 00:19:14,200 --> 00:19:18,079 the triumph of the aggressed'', said Guevara, 223 00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:20,953 ''but join it to its destiny in death, and victory''. 224 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:28,479 In Latin America, there's no room for neither passivity nor innocence. 225 00:19:29,560 --> 00:19:32,632 Our duty as national intellectuals 226 00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:36,230 is different from that of other intellectuals in the big cities. 227 00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:39,678 We can't devote ourselves to the universal culture, 228 00:19:39,880 --> 00:19:47,309 until there's a more important problem to be solved: 229 00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:50,831 national liberation! 230 00:19:52,120 --> 00:19:54,839 Every action not essential to the liberation, 231 00:19:55,040 --> 00:20:00,876 far from criticizing the system, let it to the others. 232 00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:04,757 The Regime involves in its crimes 233 00:20:04,960 --> 00:20:07,793 all those who don't fight them directly. 234 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:12,397 We should work in order to liberate this continent, 235 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:16,517 this country, the Latin American man, 236 00:20:16,920 --> 00:20:22,199 every one of us, or else you're on the enemy's side. 237 00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:26,190 There won't be any choices in between. 238 00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:29,679 your comrade, A.M. 239 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:40,149 If daily violence weren't enough, 240 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:45,870 the System seeks for more explicit and unforgivable forms 241 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:51,074 to maintain its peace, its order, its norms. 242 00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:57,274 THE VICTIMS 243 00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:05,319 In their battle for liberation, our people have had many martyrs. 244 00:21:07,080 --> 00:21:11,312 During the last years, hundreds of militants have been killed. 245 00:21:12,440 --> 00:21:15,716 The victims of June 16th, 1955... 246 00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:20,071 Those of the executions in 1956... 247 00:21:20,720 --> 00:21:23,720 The fighters from Salta... 248 00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:27,500 the ones from massive protests 249 00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:31,795 Some, engraved anonymously... 250 00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:36,633 Others, heightened by the people, like flags... 251 00:21:38,440 --> 00:21:40,158 Some names... 252 00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:45,200 Musy, Retamar, Mendoza 253 00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:49,700 Isla de Molina, Santiago Pontillon 254 00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:56,634 Felipe Vallesse, the greatest symbol of this violence. 255 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:05,675 'We, above everyone else, have to understand this dehumanization process. 256 00:22:05,880 --> 00:22:10,112 More than anyone else, we have to know the costs 257 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:14,916 involved in regaining our humanity.'' S. Carmichael 258 00:22:16,200 --> 00:22:22,116 THE ANONYMOUS MARTYRS 259 00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:27,633 June 16th 1955, 260 00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:30,754 the planes of the gorillas 261 00:22:30,960 --> 00:22:35,033 terrorize the streets of Buenos Aires. 262 00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:55,277 Torture at the individual level, or mass murder, 263 00:22:55,880 --> 00:23:01,591 are the natural consequences of violence on a daily basis. 264 00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:08,279 They don't deny it, on the contrary, they affirm it. 265 00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:12,357 It's its most revealing synthesis. 266 00:23:13,920 --> 00:23:20,359 The System maintains its power only by violence... 267 00:23:22,200 --> 00:23:26,557 ''It is impossible understanding the neocolonialism'', Fanon said, 268 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:32,308 ''without the need to rape, to destroy, to kill''. 269 00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:39,793 But the violence of the System is also its self destruction. 270 00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:47,035 To dehumanize the people, the System dehumanizes itself first. 271 00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:53,110 By using extreme violence, 272 00:23:53,440 --> 00:23:56,034 the System is the first one to agonize. 273 00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:05,874 ''The only ones that have the right to use violence, 274 00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:08,230 are the people who want to free themselves. 275 00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:14,396 This violence, in the people's hands, is not violence, it's justice.'' Per�n. 276 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:20,359 ACTION AND REVOLUTION 277 00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:23,472 "Prepare yourself to fight... Prepare your rifle 278 00:24:23,680 --> 00:24:26,592 ...Prepare your body for the battle". 279 00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:48,477 A comrade of the Uruguayan movement Tupamaro 280 00:24:49,400 --> 00:24:51,755 tells in a documentary: 281 00:24:52,760 --> 00:24:56,958 We start from the principle that revolutionary action itself, 282 00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,632 the act to arm yourself, to be prepared, 283 00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:02,432 to accept to act 284 00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:04,596 against the bourgeois order, 285 00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:09,510 implies conscience, organization and revolutionary conditions. 286 00:25:10,880 --> 00:25:14,395 In countries like Cuba, the principles at the base 287 00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:18,036 of a socialist revolution are present, confirmed, 288 00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:20,276 without discussion. 289 00:25:21,160 --> 00:25:22,559 It takes little, 290 00:25:22,760 --> 00:25:26,833 to show the way to revolt 291 00:25:27,040 --> 00:25:29,076 and to apply it. 292 00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:34,397 It's the armed battle that accelerates mass movement. 293 00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:41,635 In Cuba and in China, the mass party was born during combat. 294 00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:48,952 Create many Vietnams! 295 00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:17,749 A former Peruvian metal worker told us that the only way 296 00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:23,828 to free ourselves from imperialism, is, like Che thought, to attack their 297 00:26:24,400 --> 00:26:32,353 colonial territories and force them to diversify their armed forces. 298 00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:39,630 The order of ''creating two, three many Vietnams'' 299 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:43,834 summarizes the last hope for humanity today. 300 00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:50,154 The Pentagon and its footmen will face a serious dilemma: 301 00:26:50,760 --> 00:26:54,469 either they observe and don't interfere with the Latin American revolution, 302 00:26:54,680 --> 00:26:57,956 or they intervene by military force. 303 00:26:58,160 --> 00:27:01,755 as it happened in Cuba or the Dominican Republic. 304 00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:05,868 We have to unite and to prepare for the colonial war. 305 00:27:06,680 --> 00:27:10,275 The guerillas of Venezuela, of Colombia and Guatemala, 306 00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:15,235 the mobilization of the workers, peasants and students 307 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:20,833 are the beginning of the big epic that this continent will go through. 308 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:26,838 Latin America, like Che said , will be the Vietnam of the next decade. 309 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:38,553 PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE? 310 00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:53,112 The Revolutionary Peronist Front is showing its solidarity 311 00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:57,108 with the Vietnamese people and declares: 312 00:27:58,720 --> 00:28:04,033 The peaceful coexistence is just opium that permits imperialism 313 00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:06,959 to exploit humanity with impunity. 314 00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:11,517 There can't be peaceful coexistence with the 315 00:28:11,840 --> 00:28:15,753 deadly aggressiveness of the Yankee system's monopoly, 316 00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:21,474 whose most characteristic trait is the support for war and crime. 317 00:28:22,680 --> 00:28:27,435 For us, the people of the Third World, who hope to finish 318 00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:30,598 the underdevelopment, poverty and the exploitation, 319 00:28:31,120 --> 00:28:35,352 the only way is revolutionary war. 320 00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:39,794 The fight to death against the imperialist oppressor 321 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:43,436 and the fight for eternal peace in the world. 322 00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:51,120 But we have to underline that the enemy ran away from several crime scenes, 323 00:28:51,320 --> 00:28:53,788 not because he was on the winning hand, 324 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:58,073 but on the contrary, because he lost against popular movements. 325 00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:04,240 They've been defeated at the Bay of the Pigs and they'll be defeated in Vietnam. 326 00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:09,550 If 500.000 Marines, the elite of the American army, 327 00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:14,511 couldn't defeat the small heroic people of Vietnam, 328 00:29:15,600 --> 00:29:18,114 how many millions will they need 329 00:29:18,720 --> 00:29:24,875 to face and fight against more than two thirds of humanity, 330 00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:27,391 700 million Chinese, 331 00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:31,197 the Cubans, the Koreans, the Latin Americans, the socialist countries, 332 00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:34,756 the Africans, the Arabs, the African-Americans 333 00:29:34,960 --> 00:29:38,635 and the progressive forces of the industrialized countries? 334 00:29:38,840 --> 00:29:45,518 Imperialism has no chance at all. 335 00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:49,637 They only have the the nuclear blackmail. 336 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:54,513 As Mao said: ''It's a paper tiger.'' 337 00:29:55,600 --> 00:29:59,275 "MILITANT INTERNATIONALISM" 338 00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:01,391 Fidel Castro said it clearly: 339 00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:04,797 ''The theory that says that if this generation doesn't win the war, 340 00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:06,991 the next one will, 341 00:30:07,200 --> 00:30:10,237 is a defeatist, inhumane and cowardly theory. 342 00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:13,318 The Marxist-Leninist and internationalist principle 343 00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:16,432 wants us to fight not until the last citizen... 344 00:30:16,640 --> 00:30:19,916 of the oppressed country, but until the last citizen of the socialist camp. 345 00:30:20,120 --> 00:30:23,078 The militant solidarity of the Latin American people was shown 346 00:30:23,280 --> 00:30:28,308 in the epic revolutions of Bolivar, San Martin and Sucre.'' 347 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:35,275 HYPOTHESIS FOR THE LIBERATION 348 00:30:36,480 --> 00:30:39,950 Finally, we could say 349 00:30:40,720 --> 00:30:47,114 that the liberation of every country is always a unique event, an invention. 350 00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:55,430 Cuba is probably the best example for us, Argentines and Latin Americans. 351 00:30:56,800 --> 00:31:02,750 The Cuban revolution has proved 352 00:31:03,360 --> 00:31:07,069 that a people can liberate itself if its revolutionary chiefs, 353 00:31:07,560 --> 00:31:12,714 its elite, take part in the history of the people. 354 00:31:14,160 --> 00:31:18,836 Cuba, Vietnam and other people of the third world showed 355 00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:24,390 that no national revolution would be possible 356 00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:29,670 if not accompanied by a social revolution. 357 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:33,949 In other words, today more than ever, 358 00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:38,073 the nationalism of the first independence 359 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:41,597 integrates the socialism of the second one 360 00:31:42,360 --> 00:31:46,592 and the quest to an internationalism 361 00:31:46,800 --> 00:31:50,679 that allows for the total destruction of imperialism. 362 00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:56,399 ARGENTINA TODAY 363 00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:12,473 As the authors of these comments, 364 00:32:12,680 --> 00:32:15,478 we repeat what we showed in the film's first part. 365 00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:20,633 Argentina and most of the countries of this continent 366 00:32:21,120 --> 00:32:24,476 are living in a war that hides itself behind 367 00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:27,990 a pseudo-normality and pseudo-peace. 368 00:32:28,520 --> 00:32:31,956 A war that reveals itself in daily violence, 369 00:32:32,160 --> 00:32:36,358 indeed, four persons die every minute in Latin America, 370 00:32:36,560 --> 00:32:38,710 or two million every year. 371 00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:44,071 The essential is to notice this state of war and 372 00:32:44,280 --> 00:32:47,875 to get on each path to test all hypotheses, 373 00:32:48,080 --> 00:32:53,552 with revolutionary energy and deeds. 374 00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:58,028 In short: invent our own revolution. 375 00:32:59,320 --> 00:33:06,954 The protagonists of this quest, are all of us. But, even more, it's you. 376 00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:14,916 You, who have the possibility to discuss these images 377 00:33:16,500 --> 00:33:18,300 but also through your daily actions, 378 00:33:18,640 --> 00:33:22,679 it is the only way to develop this unsolved problem. 379 00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:30,755 The film and its content stay open 380 00:33:30,960 --> 00:33:37,149 for other comments, testimonies and letters on violence and liberation. 381 00:33:59,560 --> 00:34:02,358 To all who collaborated in the realization of this film, 382 00:34:02,560 --> 00:34:05,358 peasants, workers, 383 00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:07,630 students, intellectuals and revolutionary militants, 384 00:34:07,840 --> 00:34:10,718 we express our gratefulness.